Microgrids are becoming increasingly sophisticated thanks to the integration of smart microgrid controls and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies allow operators to analyze real-time data from distributed energy resources (DERs) such as generators, renewables and storage. The article presents an overview of knowledge in the field of energy microgrids as smart structures enabling energy self-sufficiency, with particular emphasis on decarbonisation. Based on a review of the literature and technical solutions, the characteristics have been classified and, emphasising. Emerging technologies are transforming how microgrids support the macrogrid and the companies that count on reliable energy. By leveraging the latest technologies, microgrid. Microgrids provide resilient, sustainable, and efficient energy solutions by leveraging onsite renewable generation with smart grid resources for better connectivity, decarbonization, and access to energy.