meteorological conditions (e.g., temperature and relative humidity; under low humidity, although the PM2.5 concentration is high, the solar radiation would not be depressed much) ? Moreover, there are no observations show the solar radiation are exactly de-pressed during Oct.5-6 in Beijing or September in Shanghai ? (4) If the authors insist
1 Introduction. The amount of solar radiation incident at the surface (R s) is determined mainly by atmospheric clouds and aerosols as well as solar elevation rface absorbed R s transfers into latent and sensible heat fluxes [Wang et al., 2010a, 2010b], which heat the air above the surface and provide energy and moisture for cloud and precipitation
able decline in solar radiation from 1961 to 2000 in China. The second is to focus on the solar
The higher level of brightening in the future in North China and Southeast China revealed by our constrained projections of R s in the low-emission scenario (Fig. 5) directly supports the west-to-east shift of the PV
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), known as the ''Third Pole'' region, is one of the most sensitive places to global climate change, which possesses the highest surface incident solar radiation (SSR) in China. In the 2021 growing season, i.e., May to September, southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) registered a widespread and extremely low SSR since 1950 with approximately -18.65 W/m2 of
(a) Spatial distribution of the surface incident solar radiation (SSR; in W m–2) anomalies in May–September 2021. The circles and the asterisks represent the 2021 SSR values are the first- and
low solar radiation in eastern China” by Xuexi Tie et al. Xuexi Tie et al. [email protected] Received and published: 10 July 2019 Responses to Reviewers: Reviewer 1: We thank the reviewer for the careful reading of the manuscript and helpful comments. We have revised the manuscript following their suggestions as is described below.
In contrast, the high levels of diffuse solar radiation over low-altitude and low-latitude areas, such as Guangzhou, can be attributed to a combination of increased industrialization and the
The diurnal variations of PM 2.5 (blue line) and O 3 (red line), and NO 2 (green line) 562 during a fall period (from Oct.5 to Oc. 6, 2015). It shows that with high PM 2.5 condition, 563 there was
Ozone formation under low solar radiation in eastern China #! $! Xuexi Tie 1,2, Xin Long 1, Guohui Li 1, Shuyu Zhao 1, Jianming Xu 3,4 (! 1 KLACP, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese
diffuse radiation over China since 2008 • Clear‐sky trends suggest an impact of volcanic eruption on the dramatic changes in solar radiation over China during the early 1990s • Governmental control on pollutant emissions may have contributed to the variations of direct and diffuse radiation proportions over China Supporting Information:
low cloud cover appeared to be one of the major causes of SSD trends in southern China. Wang et al. suggested that SSR in most regions of China began to increase after 1990,
The uneven distribution of solar radiation is one of the main reasons for the variations in the yield gap between different regions in China and other countries of the world.
PM 2.5 can cause lung cell injury. Due to the complexity and variation of the physical and chemical properties of PM 2.5, the risk of lung cell injury may depend significantly on the type of atmospheric environment.With a population of 120 million, the Chengdu-Chongqing region in China is the most populated region in the world that experiences both high humidity
solar radiation (SSR) in China but has been dimming in recent decades (Tang et al. ; Yang et al. 2011 2012; He and Wang 2020). In the 2021 growing season, i.e., May–September, southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP; 29°–34°N, 89°–102°E; red box in Fig. a) registered a 1 widespread and extremely low SSR since 1950 with
The annual mean surface solar radiation (SSR) trends under all-sky, clear-sky, all-sky-no-aerosol, and clear-sky-no-aerosol conditions as well as their possible causes are analyzed during 2005
The annual mean surface solar radiation (SSR) trends under all-sky, clear-sky, all-sky-no-aerosol, and clear-sky-no-aerosol conditions as well as their possible causes are analyzed during 2005–2018 across China based on
low solar radiation in eastern China” by Xuexi Tie et al. Anonymous Referee #1 Received and published: 6 June 2019 This study could be a very meaningful work. The paper addressed the relevant scien-tific questions within the scope of ACP. This manuscript studied the possible reasons enhancing the ozone formation under high PM2.5 concentrations.
The long-term trends of total surface solar radiation (SSR), surface diffuse radiation, and surface air temperature were analyzed in this study based on updated 48-yr data from 55 observational stations in China, and then the correlation between SSR and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) was studied. The effect of total solar radiation on surface air
Trends in Chinese global radiation, direct horizontal radiation, diffuse radiation, clearness index, diffuse fraction and percentage of possible sunshine duration for the period 1961–2000 were evaluated based on data for daily surface solar radiation and monthly sunshine duration. Annual means for all six variables were calculated for each station and for
As the leading source of energy in the Earth''s climate system, solar radiation is the basic driving force behind the formation and evolution of weather and climate systems and the main factor affecting the evolution of the ecological environment (Wild et al., 2005).When solar radiation passes through the atmosphere, the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth''s
Developing and utilizing solar energy is one of the important ways to achieve the goals of
low solar radiation in eastern China” by Xuexi Tie et al. Xuexi Tie et al. [email protected] Received and published: 10 July 2019 Responses to Reviewers: reasons. (1) Because the co-occurrence between O3 and PM2.5 are not always hap-pened, it happens only in some episodes, especially in spring and fall.
China is suffering from ground-level ozone (O 3) pollution, with the ozone level comparable to the historical levels witnessed in the United States during the 1980s 1,2,3,4,5.As a major urban
3. Results and discussions3.1. Attenuation of solar radiation by air pollutants in Beijing. According to the evaluation method described in Section 2.1, the variation of clearness index with AQI under different weather levels is summarized in Section 3.1, using data collected from Beijing ijing, the capital of China, is a political and economic center of the world, and
The solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth is the main energy source of the planet, provides energy for the movement of the earth''s atmosphere, and is also the main source of the earth''s light and heat energy (Wild 2009).Recently, in order to maintain a sustainable development strategy, all energy industries are developing toward low-carbon
1 Introduction. Solar radiation reaching the Earth''s surface, also known as surface solar radiation or total solar radiation (R), is the primary energy source that governs diverse physical, chemical, and biological processes on our planet (Wild, 2009).Worldwide measurements of R starting from the International Geophysical Year (1957/1958) revealed
Causes of the Extremely Low Solar Radiation in the 2021 Growing Season over Southeastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Impact on Vegetation Growth Yanyi He, Kun Yang, Yanghang Ren, Mijun Zou, Xu Yuan, and Wenjun Tang The 2021 low solar radiation over southeastern Tibetan Plateau was mainly caused by abnormally strong southerlies and was further enhanced by
Specifically, China owns abundant solar energy resources due to its broad areas with rich solar radiation. Supported by the Chinese government, the photovoltaic industry system has made continuous progress with the significant improvement. China''s PV power accumulative installed capacity increases from 70 MW in 2005 to 130.25 GW in 2017 .
The DGSR measurements used in this study are from the National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration. The data set contains daily mean global solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation, and horizontal direct solar radiation from 130 stations (including replacement stations) in mainland China from May 1957.
The annual mean surface solar radiation (SSR) trends under all-sky, clear-sky, all-sky-no-aerosol, and clear-sky-no-aerosol conditions as well as their possible causes are analyzed during 2005–2018 across China based on different satellite-retrieved datasets to determine the major drivers of the trends. The results confirm clouds and aerosols as the major
1990–2002 over China could be attributed to a reduction in cloud cover. Xia examined the long-term changes in cloud amount and sunshine duration (SSD) over China, indicating that low cloud cover appeared to be one of the major causes of SSD trends in southern China. Wang et al. suggested that SSR in most regions of China began to
Abstract. Increasing energy and food demands call for the understanding of not only the total amount of solar radiation received at the Earth''s surface (i.e., surface solar radiation, R s) but also its direct (R d) and diffuse (R f) components, which are of key importance respectively for solar energy development and plant photosynthesis.Homogenous observations suggest that,
For example, Zhang, et al. concluded that the total solar radiation in China displayed a downward trend from 1979 to 2017, and the variation trend of the solar radiation over the years was 2.54 MJ/m 2 /yr. Feng, et al. developed a new global solar radiation model which can accurately represent the decadal variability of solar
The 2021 low solar radiation over southeastern Tibetan Plateau was mainly caused by abnormally strong southerlies and was further enhanced by anthropogenic aerosols and GHGs-induced warming, and consequently reduced vegetation growth. T he Tibetan Plateau (TP), known as the “Third Pole” region, is one of the most sensitive places to
Wang et al. 24 revealed that the underestimation of anthropogenic aerosol emissions could be the reason for the low bias of surface solar radiation in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
The average surface solar radiation (SSR) series over China in 1971–2016 derived from the SSR data at 56 stations analyzed in this study. The aging equipment (1971–1989), replacement instrument (1990–1993) and without human interference (1994–2016) periods are represented by red, blue and black lines, respectively.
This paper presents a study on long-term surface solar radiation (SSR) changes over China under clear- and all-sky conditions and analyzes the causes of the “dimming” and “brightening.” To eliminate the nonclimatic signals in the historical records, the daily SSR dataset was first homogenized using quantile-matching (QM) adjustment. The results reveal rapid dimming
Interestingly, these areas are also characterized by the most severe air pollution, which has been suggested to be a primary cause for the reduction in solar radiation resources . Fig. 13. Spatial pattern of GSR trends in China for (a) 1961–1990, (b) 1990–2016, and (c) 1961–2016.
Solar radiation resources are plentiful in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the western and northern regions of China. The southeastern provinces of China are characterised by relatively low solar radiation resources, especially in the Sichuan Basin, Chongqing, and northern Guizhou. The names of each province of China are given in Fig. S1.
In China, there are substantial regional variations in solar power generation potential affected by shortwave radiation, land availability and installation densities, showing a downward trend from northwest to southeast [ 35, 36 ].
Long-term solar radiation datasets were reconstructed across China. Global solar radiation in summer decreased by up to 1.83 W·m −2 ·decade −1. China's PV power potential decreased by 1.69 kWh·m −2 ·decade −1 from 1961 to 2016. 30 provinces saw a 0.25–10.27% reduction in PV potential in the 2010s versus the 1960s.
The annual mean global solar radiation in China from 1961 to 2016 was estimated at 174.36 W·m −2, with a decreasing trend of −0.83 W·m −2 ·decade −1.
With the increase of anthropogenic forcing in the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the degree of solar radiation brightening in the East China is weakened, and even the phenomenon of solar radiation dimming appears in West China.
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